Young Adult Literature and Multimedia--Resources

Hip-Hop and Rap. . .Is it all Whack?
Sara DeSerf

    Born in 1980, I grew up listening to some of the emerging rap artists and remember jamming to many of these tunes at the YMCA dances and slumber parties.  Vanilla Ice, M.C. Hammer and Salt-n-Pepa were some of my favorites.  I listened to music because I liked how it sounded and really did not pay much attention to the messages being delivered.  Some of the lyrics found in rap nowadays are downright disturbing.  I still enjoy listening to Eminem and Outkast, but it is for mere enjoyment and not because I believe in everything they are singing.
     Just as with any other new or different music that has come along before including rock and heavy-metal, rap gets a bad rap because some songs contain explicit lyrics.  According to Fox, “Whether music negatively affects behavior has been debated from Elvis to Eminem” (2004, p. 32). She reported on a study that found teens who listened to English rap were less likely to commit crimes than teens who listened to French rap music.  Listening to music should not contribute to acts of behavior.  Tanner reported in 2009, “Listening to popular music has, on occasion, been said to produce similarly negative effects, although these have proven too difficult to verify “ (p. 695). Ultimately it is up to the teens themselves to filter what comes through the ear buds of their iPods.  Just as teachers must deal with inattentiveness and laziness, the behaviors of teens due to music should not dictate what is taught in the classroom.  
    Peter Brown, a teacher of a race and human relations class in San Diego, embraced rap in the 90s by using lyrics to spark classroom discussions (Merina, 1993, 18).  Rappers ultimately sing about what is relevant in their own lives, which is what we ask of our students every day.  We want them to internalize their learning, make connections to themselves and their worlds and demonstrate how they interpret what they are learning.  Weinstein wrote about how another teacher conceded by realizing that students were not just rapping, but they were also writing (2007, p. 270).   Though rap does contain explicit lyrics about lewd behaviors, there are some elements worth employing in the classroom. 
    Music does have a place in the classroom, especially in poetry units.  The flow, rhyme, rhythm, and poetic devices found in rap and hip-hop today are as present as in poetry from the early 1900s.  One of my favorite collaborative projects in college was creating a Slam Poetry Unit for high school students.  I have used elements of this unit in my own teaching, such as having them create and perform their own songs.  Students are able to really show their creativity in writing and really enjoyed performing their raps in front of their peers.  Both the students and I found this to be a fun and effective way to enhance the poetry unit.   
Another way to accommodate interests in the classroom is by subscribing to magazines, made available to the students during independent reading time.  Magazine worth considering are M-TV, The Vibe, and The Source: The Magazine of Hip-Hop Music, Culture & Politics.  These publications also have online versions available for students who prefer the computer versions as opposed to the traditional hand held method (Harlam, Loertscher & McElmeel, 2009, p. 47).  There are also a variety of activities including scavenger hunts that may accompany these websites and publications.  Website information can be found in the reference section. 
Music and interests will constantly change from generation to generation.  As teachers we must be able to embrace and accommodate the tastes of our students and utilize what is popular in their culture to help shape our classrooms and teaching methods.  In the words of Eminem, “As the World Turns/These are the days of our lives/These are the things we must go through/Day by day” (1999, track 17).

References
Eminem. (1999). “As the world turns.”  On Slim shady lp [CD]. Santa Monica, CA: Interscope. 
Fox, R.L. (2004). Hip-hop’s bad rap. Psychology Today, 37 (5), 32. Retrieved June 22, 2010 from
    Academic Search Complete database. 
Harlan, M.A., Loertscher, D.V., McElmeel, S.L. (2009). Young adult literature and multimedia: A quick
    guide. Salt Lake city, UT: Hi Willow Research & Publishing.  
Merina, A. (1993). Rap. Nea Today, 11(8), 18. Retrieved June 22, 2010 from Academic Search Complete
    database. 
Tanner, J., Asbridge, M., & Wortley, S. (2009). Listening to rap: Cultures of crime, cultures of resistance.
    Social Forces, 88(2), 693-722. Retrieved June 22, 2010 from Academic Search Complete
    database.  
Weinstein, S. (2007).  A love for the thing: The pleasure of rap as a literate practice. Journal of
    Adolescent and Adult Literacy, 50(4), 270-281. Retrieved June 22, 2010 from Academic Search
    Complete database. 
MTV Network.  (2010) New Music Videos, Reality TV Shows, Celebrity News, Top Stories | MTV. WEB.
              www.mtv.com  - Includes news articles, videos, artist and album information.  
The Source Magazine (2008-2010) The Source | Welcome to the Source.  WEB.
               www.thesource.com – Includes free registration, news articles, and forums. 
Vibe. (2009). Vibe.  WEB. 
                www.vibe.com  - Includes free registration, blogs, photos, news articles and links to other magazines.
   


These lesson plans, guides, and other resource materials for young adult literature topics were created by participants in a reading course in young adult  Literature.  Each resource is copyrighted by the individual educator who developed the material.  The  present course being taught is titled: Young Adult Literature in the Reading Program from the University of Wisconsin-Stout  (Sharron L. McElmeel, instructor)
© 2010 Sharron L. McElmeel